The Atlas / Modalities
The interventions of the Healthspan Economy
What the field actually does, recorded one modality at a time. Each entry states plainly what it is, who it serves, and where the evidence stands, then links to the Atlas organizations that offer it.
Diagnostics & Assessment 11
Advanced bloodwork / ApoB
Advanced bloodwork is an expanded blood panel used in the longevity industry that adds markers like apolipoprotein B (ApoB), inflammatory markers, and metabolic indicators to a standard physical's bloodwork. ApoB counts atherogenic lipoprotein particles directly and is recognized by cardiology guidelines as equal to or more predictive of cardiovascular risk than LDL-cholesterol alone, making it well-evidenced as a clinical risk marker.
Hormone panel testing
Hormone panel testing measures sex hormones, thyroid hormones, and adrenal markers through blood, saliva, or urine to assess endocrine function, a clinically established and well-evidenced diagnostic method used in endocrinology for decades. In the longevity industry, it has split into two distinct commercial segments: women's menopause-focused hormone platforms and men's testosterone optimization platforms, plus standalone testing services.
Epigenetic age testing
Epigenetic age testing estimates biological age from DNA methylation patterns using algorithms such as the Horvath clock, GrimAge, and DunedinPACE. The clocks reliably correlate with chronological age and, in research cohorts, with mortality risk, but whether changing a clock score through intervention improves actual health outcomes remains unproven, making this an emerging rather than well-evidenced diagnostic.
Full-body MRI
Full-body MRI screening applies magnetic resonance imaging, a well-evidenced diagnostic technology, to asymptomatic adults seeking early disease detection. While MRI itself is well-established for indicated clinical use, screening healthy populations with whole-body MRI is not endorsed by bodies like the USPSTF and carries documented risks of false positives and incidental findings requiring uncertain follow-up, making this specific application an emerging and contested practice.
VO2 max testing / CPET
VO2 max testing, performed via cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), measures maximal oxygen uptake during exertion and is one of the strongest predictors of all-cause mortality in exercise physiology research, in some studies stronger than smoking status. It is highly trainable through aerobic exercise and serves as the flagship biomarker in longevity medicine frameworks such as Peter Attia's, making it well-evidenced as a clinical and fitness marker.
Whole-genome sequencing
Whole-genome sequencing reads almost the entire genome, both the protein-coding genes and the non-coding DNA between them, roughly three billion base pairs.
Whole-exome sequencing
Whole-exome sequencing reads only the exome, the one to two percent of the genome that codes for proteins, where most currently interpretable disease variants sit.
Gut microbiome testing
Gut microbiome testing sequences bacterial DNA from a stool sample.
Non-epigenetic biological-age testing
Non-epigenetic biological-age testing estimates how old a body is functioning without reading DNA methylation, which sets it apart from the epigenetic clocks.
Bone densitometry (DXA)
Bone densitometry measures bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), usually at hip and spine, to diagnose osteoporosis and quantify fracture risk. The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening women aged 65 and older, and younger postmenopausal women at increased risk. It is known as DXA, DEXA, MOC, osteodensitometrie and densitometria osea across different markets.
Menopause-indexed cardiovascular risk assessment
Menopause-indexed cardiovascular risk assessment evaluates cardiovascular risk against hormonal life stage rather than a sex-neutral model, treating early menopause and pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia as risk markers. The 2020 American Heart Association scientific statement established that the menopause transition is itself a period of accelerating risk where timing of prevention matters.
Therapeutics 10
Rapamycin / sirolimus protocols
Rapamycin (sirolimus) is an FDA-approved immunosuppressant being used off-label at low weekly doses as a longevity intervention, based on its inhibition of the mTOR pathway and a robust lifespan-extension record in model organisms, including a landmark 2009 NIA study in mice. Human longevity trials are underway. The benefit and risk profile in healthy adults taking it long-term for longevity indications is not yet established. This is an experimental modality with no major medical body endorsement for longevity use.
Senolytics
Senolytics are drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells, which accumulate in aging tissues and drive systemic inflammation through the SASP. The leading human research combination is dasatinib plus quercetin (D+Q), identified at Mayo Clinic. Early Phase 1 and 2 human trials have reported preliminary signals. As of mid-2026, no senolytics are FDA-approved for aging indications, and no standard clinical protocol exists outside of trial settings. The animal data is mechanistically compelling; human translation is in progress.
NAD+ therapy
NAD+ therapy aims to raise nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme central to energy metabolism and DNA repair that falls with age.
Peptide therapy
Peptide therapy uses short chains of amino acids that act as signaling molecules.
Stem cell / cellular rejuvenation
Stem cell rejuvenation, as clinics sell it, most often means autologous mesenchymal stem or stromal cells drawn from a patient's own fat or bone marrow, processed and reinfused, marketed to regener...
Exosome therapy
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles that cells release to shuttle proteins and genetic material between them.
Menopause hormone therapy (MHT)
Menopause hormone therapy (MHT), previously called HRT, replaces the estrogen and where needed progestogen lost across the menopause transition. NICE and The Menopause Society support it for most women under 60 or within ten years of menopause onset. Transdermal routes carry lower thrombotic risk than oral. It is the baseline modality in women's midlife medicine and is delivered by nearly every specialist menopause operator.
Body-identical hormone therapy
Body-identical hormone therapy uses hormones structurally identical to the body's own, supplied as regulator-approved products such as transdermal estradiol and oral micronized progesterone. The British Menopause Society calls this regulated bioidentical HRT (rBHRT) and recommends it over pharmacy-compounded preparations, which are not regulator-verified for purity, potency or endometrial protection.
Compounded bioidentical hormone therapy (cBHRT)
Compounded bioidentical hormone therapy (cBHRT) uses hormones identical to the body's own but formulated individually by a compounding pharmacy rather than approved by a medicines regulator. The British Menopause Society and the National Academies both advise against routine use, citing purity, potency and inadequate evidence for endometrial protection. It is chemically the same as body-identical therapy and regulatorily different.
Testosterone therapy for women
Testosterone therapy for women prescribes low-dose transdermal testosterone in perimenopause and postmenopause. The 2019 Global Consensus Position Statement, endorsed by eleven international societies, supports one evidence-based indication: hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women. Most prescribing is off-label from male formulations because few markets license a female product.
Programs 5
Functional medicine
Functional medicine is a systems-based clinical framework that treats chronic disease as the product of interacting genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, using expanded diagnostic testing and personalized intervention to address underlying physiological imbalances rather than managing symptoms with a standardized protocol. It is well-evidenced as a clinical model, anchored by a 2019 Cleveland Clinic outcomes study, and is the most common clinical framework among Atlas-listed longevity providers.
Longevity Coaching
Longevity coaching is a specialized coaching discipline that translates aging science into individualized strategies for extending healthspan, the years of genuine functional vitality rather than managed decline. It draws on the hallmarks of aging framework, exercise physiology, metabolic health research, and sleep science. Evidence for the underlying lifestyle interventions is strong; the coaching service format itself is classified as emerging.
Executive health programs
Executive health programs are comprehensive preventive health assessments delivered by physician-led teams, typically in a full-day or multi-day format, combining advanced diagnostics with structured physician review and a written action plan. The underlying preventive medicine components (cancer screening, cardiovascular risk stratification, metabolic disease detection) are well-evidenced. The bundled executive health program format has not itself been the subject of randomized controlled trials.
Precision medicine / personalized medicine
Precision medicine uses an individual's genomic profile, biomarkers, microbiome composition, and other biological data to design prevention and treatment strategies tailored to their specific biology. In the longevity sector it is applied primarily to disease-risk stratification and early detection. Evidence is well-established in oncology and pharmacogenomics; evidence for healthy-aging optimization applications is classified as emerging.
Women's comprehensive health check
A women's comprehensive health check is an itemized, time-bounded, priced preventive assessment sold to women, combining general screening with breast, cervical and gynaecological screening in one visit. Known as ladies dock in Japan, well-woman screening in Hong Kong and the Gulf, and yeoseong jeongmil geongangjindan in Korea, it is the only women's health sub-market where public prices are comparable across operators.
Lifestyle Optimization 3
Sleep optimization protocols
Sleep optimization protocols range from CBT-I, the first-line clinical treatment for chronic insomnia endorsed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, to device-based approaches targeting circadian alignment, thermal regulation, and closed-loop neurological sleep enhancement. The evidence base for sleep as a longevity variable is well-established. The commercial device segment is growing, though device efficacy claims vary and most products are not FDA-cleared for clinical use.
Strength training / resistance protocols
Resistance training builds muscle mass and strength through progressive loading, directly countering sarcopenia, the age-related muscle loss that is one of the strongest predictors of disability and mortality. Multiple meta-analyses confirm inverse associations between muscle mass and all-cause mortality. The evidence base is among the strongest available for any lifestyle intervention in longevity medicine, and the modality is foundational in performance-medicine and longevity clinic programs.
Zone 2 aerobic training
Zone 2 aerobic training is the exercise intensity band at roughly 60 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate where fat oxidation dominates and the primary training stimulus drives mitochondrial biogenesis. It is the aerobic training prescription central to Peter Attia's longevity framework and Inigo San Millan's metabolic research. The evidence base is well-grounded in exercise physiology, though RCT evidence in aging populations specifically is limited.